bush dog husbandry guidelines

Some prefer to sleep in tree hollows whileothers may use old bird's nests, unoccupied beehives, and can use more than a dozen different sleeping sites within its home range during a year (Bearder & Doyle 1974a). 2). Fecal hormones, vulvar measurements, and mating behavior were used to characterize reproductive cycle dynamics. American Veterinary Medical Foundation (AVMF), AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. A summary of reproductive data from the International Studbook for the Bush Dog (Dmoch 1995) by latitudinal location of zoo in which they were housed (n = 48). PURPOSE This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes routine husbandry procedures for dogs. During baby watch, check baby cage in the AM when white lights are on. The DLC has had success housing the G.Moholi in a mixed species setting with Aye Aye, Slow Loris, Pygmy Slow Loris, Slender Loris, Pottos, Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemurs and Mirza. Vulvar measurements.In preparation for data collection, the 4 females were trained, using operant conditioning, to stand for vulvar measurements. It also has been suggested that bush dogs may have a more labile reproductive cycle than other canids (Porton et al. Life span: 2-4 years in the wild, mid-teens in captivity An index of vulva size was generated by multiplying mean vulva width by mean vulva depth for each day. WateringAnimals must have access to fresh, potable, uncontaminated drinking water. Here's where your voice is most needed right now. Catling P. C Corbett L. K. Newsome A. E.. DeMatteo K. E. Silber S. Porton I. J. Lenahan K. Junge R. Asa C. S.. Frame L. H. Malcolm J. R. Frame G. W. Van Lawick H.. Hayssen V. Van Tienhoven A. We also utilize different enrichment techniques and tools to encourage natural feeding behaviors. Rooms should be washed the approximately 2 weeks before baby watch starts and then remain undisturbed for two weeks. Other primary considerations include. Controlling for male presence and using the Euclidean geometric distance, distance matrices for the 3 females at each of the 3 variables (fecal estrogens, fecal progestins, and vulva index) were generated. Most of what is known about this morphologically distinct canid (Berta 1981, 1984; Langguth 1975) has been gained through captive behavioral studies (Bates 1944; Biben 1982; Brady 1981; Collier and Emerson 1973; Drwa 1977; Jantschke 1973; Kitchener 1971; Kleiman 1972; Porton 1983; Porton et al. Life stages are defined by both age and breed characteristics for practical purposes. NoiseActivities that create noise with the potential to cause stress should be minimized and conducted away from animal housing. Amazon.com Wishlist Send a Lemur a Present! Webbush baby, (family Galagidae), also spelled bushbaby, also called galago, any of more than 20 species of small attractive arboreal primates native to sub-Saharan Africa. 15.21), the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) (Fig. Webbush stone-curlew husbandry manual. The reproduction of mature females is not fixed to a single rigid breeding season and births occur throughout the year. Correlations associated with male or female presence.For within-female correlations, correlation of fecal estrogen and vulva index was significant both with a male present (Kendall tau, P = 0.0517; Mantel, P < 0.0001) and absent (Kendall tau, P < 0.0001; Mantel, P = 0.0036). Reproductive cycle of the female.Contrary to our proposed hypothesis that a mature female bush dog requires the physical presence of a male for the initiation of an estrous cycle, this study determined that females have an increase in fecal estrogens indicative of a follicular phase independent of male presence. The first section is an index of Mammal Taxonomic Orders. Similar studies are needed for many canid species to allow us to make comparative analyses across Canidae. The facility should be cleaned in order of animal susceptibility to disease and potential risk to the general population, starting with the most susceptible animals and ending with those who carry the highest risk of transmitting infectious disease. 1987; Rosenberg 1971; Valdespino et al. Sharp edges and broken wires must be eliminated, floors must be kept in good condition, and deteriorating equipment must be refurbished or replaced. Baby watch should begin approximately one week before the estimated due date. With the exception of female (F) 1, the animals were fed a meat-based diet (Zoo Camivore Diet, Dallas Crown, Kaufman, Texas) daily. Fecal estrogens were measured using the Estradiol Active DSL-4300 kit (Diagnostic System Laboratories, Webster, Texas; Lukas et al. Providing the above mentioned bear-proof areas or total separation can be the solution during the time of rearing the young. Mating behavior.During the 2nd phase of the study, mating behavior of each male-female pair was recorded with continuous time-lapse videotaping using infrared lighting at night (Legendre et al. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 7.8%, and the interassay coefficients of variation for 3 separate internal controls were 7.6%, 6.1%, and 7.4%. Do not handle an infant if the dam is in the process of moving it or attending to it. WebManuals This Husbandry Manual Register is in two parts; 1. u\(. These results demonstrate that mature female bush dogs differ from previously observed peripubertal females, which failed to show any signs of estrus, either behavioral or physical (i.e., changes in the vulva), until paired with a male (Porton et al. Staff should be screened and selected for suitability to tasks assigned and should be trained in performance of their duties. When determining between-sex correlations, it was necessary to exclude the 1st phase of the study because there were only 2 months of data collection on males before introduction to females. To restrain for Preventing entry is the most effective method, and may be accomplished by screening openings, sealing cracks, and eliminating breeding and refuge sites. Bode, Z. Tang-Martinez, and T. Valone. 2002). 1987). Food and/or water may be temporarily withheld at the direction of an attending veterinarian. Waste disposalWaste must be removed regularly and frequently, and in compliance with all federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Other non-nest material enrichment can be provided as usual. 2. Gum can be spread on branches, sticks, wood, coconut shells, paper, cardboard, etc. (1987) that appeared to have sequential estrous cycles without intervening anestrous phases and with luteal phases shorter than gestation and so not considered pseudopregnancies. However, the female cycle is not fixed to a single rigid breeding season each year, as in most canids. 1987). The interval between these significant changes, especially fecal progestins, can be used to represent the interestrous interval, or cycle length, and define the reproductive pattem of the female. on June 1, 2022. gladius profiles shadowlands; camra decathlon chasse; When water bottles are used, they should be appropriately sanitized. When climatic conditions pose a threat to the animals health or well-being, taking into consideration its age, breed, overall health status, and acclimation, then appropriate measures must be taken to alleviate the impact of those conditions. A linear regression using the least squares method was run on the vulva index data from 1 March 2001 through the end of data collection for each female to evaluate the significance in the shift in baseline measurements (Microsoft Corporation 2003). Emergency lighting should be provided. International Studbook summary.To evaluate reproductive seasonality in captivity, the International Studbook for the Bush Dog (Dmoch 1995) was summarized based on latitudinal location of the zoo and month that pups were born. Females construct nests in which to give birth to and raise their offspring. SocialWhere group housing is appropriate, consideration should be given to behavioral and social interactions. WebThe dogs chase the prey until it tires, and at times they will disembowel the prey while it is still running. Increase the dam's diet by 50% on the day infants are discovered (or suspected). Because of variability within the data, a progressive Bonferroni correction was applied to the P-value for Moran's I for a conservative interpretation of significance. Bulk supplies of food should be stored in designated areas that are cool, dry, clean, and free of vermin, preferably off the floor on pallets, racks, or carts. We used nonparametric Mantel univariate correlations (R-Package [v 4.0.6] Legendre et al. WebPreface. The date that data collection ended for each pair is reported. Stay tuned for the new AZA Ungulate Animal Care Manual, presently nearing completion. Height:5.1 to 7.8 in (male & female) Bushbabies are nocturnal and spend their nights resting (4.5%), traveling (25%), foraging (63.9%), engaged in social activities (5.9-18%) and in other activities (0.6%) (G. moholi) (Doyle & Bearder 1977; Nekaris & Bearder 2007). 49 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6626B62769B5266758E5A2F918D2D07D><041926E8CAF9D645BEEB2E667D2FC591>]/Index[44 19]/Info 43 0 R/Length 49/Prev 36221/Root 45 0 R/Size 63/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Training sessions remain the most stimulating enrichment for bushbabies. Remove or separate the sire (this may mean shifting the sire to an adjacent cage or moving him out to a different area entirely). A total of 13 sightings of infants, juveniles. Because bush dogs are known to reproduce over a wide geographic range (approximately 11N27SEisenberg and Redford 1999; Macdonald 1995; Sillero-Zubiri et al. Baby watch should begin approximately one week before the estimated due date. Standards for AAHA Hospitals, American Animal Hospital Association, PO Box 150899, Denver, Colorado 80215. The strength of this small-bodied canid and cooperative hunting allow it not only to capture a variety of small prey (e.g., a variety of snakes, Azara's agoutis [Dasyprocta azarae], and nine-banded armadillos [Dasypus novemcinctus]Beccaceci 1994; Peres 1991), but also prey many times their body size (e.g., brockets [Mazama], capy-baras [Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris], pacas (Agouti paca), and South American tapirs [Tapirus terrestris]Beccaceci 1994; Deutsch 1983; Peres 1991; Strahl et al. CleaningAll equipment and areas must be cleaned with appropriate detergents and disinfectants as often as needed to keep them sanitary and free of debris and harmful contaminants. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4.7%, and the interassay coefficients of variation for 3 separate internal controls were 4.6%, 4.3%, and 5.5%. Appropriate noise protection for personnel should be provided where noise levels are high. Although a possible effect of male stimulation has been suspected in 2 other nondomestic canids (maned wolf [Chrysocyon brachyurusVelloso et al. Split the diet in 2 portions with the first portion fed at 12 PM just before lights out and the second fed as late in the day as possible. The Zoo's Animal Division provided financial support for animal housing and husbandry, and the Research Department provided financial support for hormone analyses, videotaping, and other related research expenses. Open-ended vasectomy.Between late December 2001 and mid-January 2002, open-ended vasectomies were performed on the 4 males (see DeMatteo et al., in press). and does constitute the use of land for agriculture within the meaning of R.C. Increase the dam's diet by 50% on the day infants are discovered (or suspected). We do not allow fruit, sugar or high glycemic foods to be given to the bushbabies. (1987) reported that captive, peripubertal females, but not mature, parous females, underwent multiple, sequential estrous cycles without intervening anestrous phases, referred to as polyestrous cycles (Anderson and Simpson 1973). Litter should be emptied from cages and pens in a manner that minimizes exposure of animals and personnel to aerosolized waste. Porton et al. Training Guide, National Animal Control Association, PO Box 480851, Kansas City, Missouri 64148. Webwhere is the cullinan diamond [email protected]; clara schumann: piano trio in g minor program notes Menu. Female ovarian activity was monitored with radioimmunoassay of fecal estrogen and fecal progestin levels in samples collected daily. Birth cages should be made of the small x inch vinyl coated wire. This study was the Ph.D. dissertation of KED, who was supported by Saint Louis University Biology Teaching and Research Assistantships, a Claire-Booth Luce Fellowship, and a Saint Louis University Dissertation Fellowship. WebFat-tailed Dwarf Lemur Husbandry Guidelines; Lesser Bush Baby Husbandry Guidelines; Mongoose Lemur Husbandry Guidelines; Ring-tailed Lemur Husbandry Housing and husbandry.Animals were housed indoors, with temperatures maintained between 15.6C and 29.4C (X = 25.4C, n = 135,541 total measurements with temperature recorded every 10 min for the 27 study months) and exposed to natural light from skylights and windows. Nature sounds or white noise machines and scent enrichment have also been used with varying levels of interest. Around 10 months the young reach sexual maturity at which point males will emigrate. 0 WebK.E. Fecal androgens were measured using the Testosterone Active DSL-4000 (Diagnostic System Laboratories; Pelletier et al. Week 1 of birth: weigh at days 3 and 6 of birth (or as directed). Animal waste should be removed at least once daily, via collection, hosing, or flushing. Dams are usually first weighed at ~ 3 weeks post-partum. Opportunistic sightings of bush dogs alone, in pairs, or in groups ranging from several to hundreds of individuals (Bates 1944; Beccaceci 1994; Cabrera and Yepes 1940; Deutsch 1983; Husson 1978; Peres 1991; Strahl et al. 1992). Seasonality of reproduction.Based on a summary of the births at 48 intemational institutions, captive bush dogs showed no evidence of reproductive seasonality (Table 3). Areas for quarantine, isolation, or soiled equipment should be appropriately exhausted to avoid contamination. 1998. fAsa et al. However, the duration of male interest as measured by Mounts where the pair can clearly separate was longer in this study, with male interest ending 13 days after the last Copulatory Lock, compared with previous behavioral studies that determined the duration of male interest to be between 8 and 23 days (Drwa 1983; Kitchener 1971; Kleiman 1968). At the DLC we utilize a rolling cage for her birth inside the room. It is acceptable to give the mother extra veggies, fruit, or juice in a shallow bowl on the day she delivers. Males appear to fall into two distinct mating strategy groups, larger and more dominant males who monopolize females with repeated matings and smaller males who are more opportunistic. WebHusbandry Regulated procedures Housing Small, stable groups should be formed. They are gray, brown, or reddish to yellowish brown, with large eyes and ears, long hind legs, soft, woolly fur, and long tails. The following taxon-specific documents are a valuable resource in the husbandry and care of ungulates. We do not know if this is a characteristic restricted to peripubertal females. The southem cone: Chile, Argentina, Umguay, Paraguay, Statistical tool for soil biology. First, nonparametric measures of association (SAS Institute Inc. 1996) were used to determine whether there were correlations among the 3 female variables associated with male presence. Human interactions should be incorporated into daily routines where appropriate. ("Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004) Females nurse their offspring for about 11 weeks though young may begin to catch insects at 4 weeks of age. Remove or separate the sire (this may mean shifting the sire to an adjacent cage or moving him out to a different area entirely). Weight:142-250 grams (male & female). WebThe relationship continues and today modern zoos and aquariums offer scientists unique opportunities to carry out research on the biology of the animals and plants they care for, Mating behavior.Confirmed Copulatory Locks, seen in 4 of the 7 estrous cycles reviewed for behavior, always occurred after the initial fecal progestin increase (X = 3.75 days, SD = 2.75 days, range = 17 days; Fig. Mounts and successful Copulatory Locks, from 2 weeks before the initial increase to 2 weeks after the final decrease in fecal progestins. Brand and Cullen 1976; Frame et al. 86-23. Data were log-transformed to meet assumptions of the test. To identify feces of males and females when they were paired, individuals were fed colored, 4-mm plastic beads (Cabela's, Sidney, Nebraska) daily in a portion of the meat-based diet. WebDOG HUSBANDRY SOP 520.01 Dog Husbandry Page 1 of 3 1. 2002). Your participation makes AVMA a stronger advocate for our profession. This study determined that mature female bush dogs differ from peripubertal females in their reproductive cycle. 1). Animal Welfare Act, as amended, including the accompanying regulations. In this study we focused on characterizing the reproductive cycle of the female bush dog by considering the pattern of gonadal hormone secretion, the number of estrous cycles per year, presence or absence of a seasonal pattern, and influence of the male's presence on the female reproductive cycle or reproductive characteristics. Do this with nail trims, brushing, holding out a leg for a blood draw or, taking your dogs temperature. 2004), African wild dog (Lycaon pictus; approximately 20N27S; equatorial-tropical-subtropicalSillero-Zubiri et al. Caging, runs and pens must be kept in good repair to prevent injury, maintain physical comfort, and facilitate sanitation and servicing.

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