miss america 1969

return result; It took police and security less than a minute to reach the women. NYRW protested the very idea of beauty standards and the pageant that upheld them. They got out a half-dozen shouts before they were quickly removed by police. Your Privacy Rights Arizona Linda Johnson script.src = src; } iframe.scrollIntoView(); Back in New York, Sarachild made it to her union film editing job the Monday after the protest. + 1).split("&")); [49], Also on September 7, 1968, in Atlantic City, a separate civil rights demonstration took place in the form of a beauty pageant. Oklahoma Beverly Jeanne Drew iframe.style.height = args[1] + "px"; case "exitFullscreen": Ford relaxed. Indiana Katherine Virginia Field Susan Hawkins. } break; But for many, it was the start of a new wave of feminism. The pageant was won by Wendy Dascomb of Virginia, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Dorothy Anstett of Washington.Dascomb was the first woman from Virginia to win the Miss USA title, and went on to place as a semi-finalist at Miss Universe 1969. Pamela Anne Eldred (April 21, 1948 - July 12, 2022) was an American beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Michigan 1969 and later Miss America 1970. . else if (window.document.mozCancelFullscreen) window.document.mozCancelFullScreen(); }, var ifr = document.getElementById("JotFormIFrame-230165346423147"); result = true; case "collapseErrorPage": [23] Individuals who were present said that no one burned a bra nor did anyone take off her bra. } var urls = {"docurl":encodeURIComponent(document.URL),"referrer":encodeURIComponent(document.referrer)}; } "I often say that if they had called us 'girdle burners,' every woman in America would have run to join us. There were things that needed to be changed, and there are still things that need to be changed, so women and men can be equal all these years later.. [51], The Miss Black America protest and the NYRW protest were driven by fundamentally different motivation. Miss America 1969. Groups sprang up in Chicago, Toronto, Seattle and Detroit. The 26-year-old journalist came up with it in August 1968after ameeting where the groupdiscussed a short film, "Schmeerguntz," about how beauty standards oppressed women. For all the stories about this transformational year, visit1968.usatoday.com, 50 years later, Miss Black America still 'part of the revolution'. In it, Sarachild read about the cultural restraints on women, how society fosters the idea of what a woman should do, how gender roles are not inherent but learned. She was asked her measurements (36, 24 , 36), height (5-7) and weight (125), her preference for cut off blue jeans and sweatshirts, and whether blondes have more fun. But now we're finally coming around. The pageant was won by Wendy Dascomb of Virginia, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Dorothy Anstett of Washington. Her support of troops personifies the "unstained patriotic American womanhood our boys are fighting for". Idaho Karen Renee Ryder var result = false; Ford returned to college a month later, this time at the University of Illinois, where students protested the Vietnam War. } iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(window.location.href.substr(window.location.href.indexOf("?") On August 22, the New York Radical Women issued a press release inviting women of every political persuasion to the Atlantic City boardwalk on September 7, the day of the contest. New Hampshire Michelle Sharon Godfrey var script = document.createElement('script'); Nash, who in 1968 was crowned . break; } url.href = originUrl; Women wrote essays and books about sex, gender roles and the patriarchythat would lay the foundation for womens studies. case "exitFullscreen": var iframeParams = []; Missouri Kathleen Paulette Goff A protest held outside Boardwalk Hall was attended by about 200 feminists. "[7], Along with tossing the items into the trash can and distributing literature outside, four protesters including Kathie Sarachild and Carol Hanisch bought tickets and entered the hall. The protesters compared the pageant to a livestock auction and crowned a sheep as "Miss America" on the boardwalk. "Because up until this time, we hadn't done a lot of actions yet. April4U (@oldhollywoodblackhistorybeauty) on Instagram: "Saundra Williams, 19, center, of Philadelphia, Pa., was crowned Miss Black America #1969 at cerem." Kathie Sarachild was in high school when she discovered The Second Sex by French existentialist Simone de Beauvoir on her mothers bookshelf. We were living in a GP medium tent outside the ARVN compound on the airstrip. case "loadScript": else if (window.document.webkitExitFullscreen) window.document.webkitExitFullscreen(); My unit was the 299th CBT Engrs. A blonde hadnt won Miss America in 12 years. They called out the pageant for its commercialism, for supporting the Vietnam War by sending winners to entertain the troops, and for racism because it had not yet crowned a black Miss America. She was paid for each appearance. Germaine Greer and the malestream press", "Press release and open letter inviting women to attend the Miss America protest (maddc01009) - Women's Liberation Movement Print Culture - Duke Libraries", "10 Great Women's History Films To Watch This Or Any Month", "What Can Be learned: A Critique of the Miss America Protest", "It Happened Here in New JerseyHere She is: Miss America and the Protest of 1968", The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution, Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women's Liberation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_America_protest&oldid=1150125833, September 1968 events in the United States, Articles with failed verification from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 12:58. BT. During the actual pageant that evening, some of the protesters, including Carol Hanisch, sneaked into Boardwalk Hall and unfurled a banner reading, Womens Liberation, while shouting, Womens Liberation! and No More Miss America! Their action gave the burgeoning movement an invaluable amount of exposure during the live broadcast. Dascomb was the first woman from Virginia to win the Miss USA title, and went on to place as a semi-finalist at Miss Universe 1969. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_USA_1969&oldid=1135868613, States that placed in semifinals the previous year were, This page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at 10:22. [42][41], Morgan wrote that the pageant contestants epitomize the "Degrading Mindless-Boob-Girlie Symbol". if(isJotForm && "contentWindow" in iframe && "postMessage" in iframe.contentWindow) { After the election and inauguration of President Trump, millions of women and their allies marched in the nations capital and in cities around the world to reaffirm womens rights, and the rights of all marginalized people, as human rights. case "reloadPage": Pamela Eldred of Detroit, Michigan, was crowned as the winner of the 1970 Miss America contest. break; 11199 Polo Club Drive She thought it might be fun. src = src.substr(0, src.indexOf("?")) Mississippi Mary Linda Mills src = src.substr(0, src.indexOf("?")) iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(src.substr(src.indexOf("?") Ford was silent for eight seconds,a long time on live TV. } Pamela Anne Eldred is crowned Miss America 1970 by outgoing Miss America, Judith Anne Ford on September 6, 1969. + 1).split("&")); Ford didnt understand why they were protesting. We also were improving the air strip and the artillery battery there. 101+ Years of MISS AMERICA; National Archives 1921 - Present; Miss America 2023 Grace Stanke . Flo Kennedy, a black activist and lawyer, and Bonnie Allen, a black housewife from the Bronx, each chained themselvesto a puppet of Miss America to illustrate how women were enslaved by beauty standards. Photo: Roxane Gay is the author of several books, including Bad Feminist and Hunger. The runway looked a half mile long. The bra-burning trope was permanently attached to the event and became a catch-phrase of the feminist era.[3]. iframe.style.height = args[1] + "px"; break; Nevada Sharon Jane Davis She was thinking, This is so unfair.. case "scrollIntoView": Locally in Seneca Falls there was an acknowledgement to honor women's accomplishments. The winner, nineteen-year-old Philadelphia native Saundra Williams, had been active on the civil rights scene prior to the competition. case "collapseErrorPage": case "setHeight": if (args.length > 3) { But the other contestants were nice, and she wasnt under any pressure to win. Miss Oregon, Marjean Kay Langley. iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(src.substr(src.indexOf("?") She had to reapply as a single personand she was turned down. If you dont want to enter a pageant, thats fine, she thought. "You wish you didnt have to do it, but it is one of those things that has to be done. iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(src.substr(src.indexOf("?") window.isPermitted = function(originUrl, whitelisted_domains) { iframe.style.minHeight = args[1] + "px"; Sarachild was glad to see women werent afraid of the word radical in the groups name. } "[25], The protest planners produced a press release before the event that was afterward turned into a pamphlet titled No More Miss America!. Parks announced the first runner-up: Miss Massachusetts, Catherine Monroe. var isJotForm = (e.origin.indexOf("jotform") > -1) ? Georgia Burma Ann Davis if (typeof e.data === 'object') { return; } break; The first such demonstration took place during the Miss America 1969 pageant held on September 7, 1968 (won by Miss Illinois 1968, Judith Ford), . The newly-crowned Miss America 1969, Judith Ford, waving on the runway. This view may have supported the efforts of opponents to feminism and their desire to invalidate the movement. You have your own opinions. But the official cautioned her to speak carefully. if (window.addEventListener) { Confronting the Bra-Burners: Teaching Radical Feminism with a Case Study. The History Teacher 41, no. var src = ifr.src; iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(window.location.href.substr(window.location.href.indexOf("?") Really, she thought, Their goals and ours are the same.. }); Read more at karinabland.azcentral.com. Someone pushed a piano outside and played in the street. [7], The dramatic, symbolic use of a trash can to dispose of feminine objects caught the media's attention. Ten points of protest" was included in the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful, edited by Robin Morgan. if (args.length > 3) { The womenhad heard about the protest and during rehearsal, when their chaperones were distracted, they ducked out a side door to see what was happening. The organizers obtained a permit, detailing their plans for the protest, including barring men from participating, and on the afternoon of September 7, a few hundred women marched on the Atlantic City boardwalk, just outside the convention center where the pageant took place. script.src = src; Wisconsin Marilyn Kay Brahmsteadt Library Menu |Homepage. true : false; break; iframeParams.push("isIframeEmbed=1"); She had won a $50,000 scholarship. [11] Men were barred from taking part. "It was a much more momentous year of unrest than I was aware of at the time, she said. South Dakota Charlotte Ann McKay case "collapseErrorPage": The kind of beauty the pageant wanted to reward was very specific and very narrowthat of the demure, slender-but-not-too-thin woman, the girl next door with a bright white smile, a flirtatious but not overly coquettish manner, smart but not too smart, certainly heterosexual. They named the fourth runner-up. As usual, it was hot and miserable all the time. if (window.addEventListener) { 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Photo: Miss America 1969, The pageant was won by Wendy Dascomb of Virginia, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Dorothy Anstett of Washington. 299th CBT Engr BT. In fact, officials asked the women not to set the can on fire because the wooden boardwalk was quite flammable. window.attachEvent("onmessage", handleIFrameMessage); We pulled it off, she shouted outside, laughing and relieved. Male reporters would not be allowed to interview protesters, which remains one of the loveliest details of the protest. } else if (window.attachEvent) { if (!iframe) { return; } The Miss Americas of 1955 and 1957, Lee Meriwether and Marian McKnight, both dated Joe DiMaggio, and everyone denied everything. She should just enjoy herself. true : false; case "scrollIntoView": iframe.style.height = window.innerHeight + "px"; Ford still was taking malaria pills from the time she had spent there. She paid attention to the women's liberation movement, but it never really felt like her issue. In 2015,Sarachild noticed that New Yorks subways seemed covered in sexist advertising, from breast enhancement to lingerie sales. Meetings of the New York Radical Women were packed with new faces. Miss America pageant is under new leadership after a sexist email scandal. Look back at Miss America 1960. } Miss USA 1969, the 18th Miss USA pageant, was televised live by CBS from Miami Beach, Florida on May 24, 1969. Parks sang "There She Is" as Ford walked the long runway, photographers three deep on either side. But it was its fieryabortion speak-out in March 1969, where women talked about their then criminal abortions, that inspired journalist Gloria Steinem to join the movement. src = args[1] + ':' + args[2]; New Jersey Jeanette H. Phillipuk Except, that's not what really happened. iframe.scrollIntoView(); At midnight on September 8, a few blocks away at the Atlantic City Ritz-Carlton, the inaugural Miss Black America competition was held. This was going to catch on, Sarachild was sure of it. Miss USA 1969 was the 18th Miss USA pageant, televised live by CBS from Miami Beach, Florida on May 24, 1969.. iframeParams.push("isIframeEmbed=1"); One contention was the degrading Mindless-Boob-Girlie Symbol. Another was racism, since a woman of color had never wonand there had never been a black contestant. Co. (LE) "[7] The group decided to incorporate the techniques successfully used by the civil rights movement and adapt it to the new idea of women's liberation. + 1).split('&')); Miss America -. The men lined up for autographs and thanked her for coming. break; window.addEventListener("message", handleIFrameMessage, false); } Ford won, advanced to the state fair pageant,won that, and then won Miss Illinois. And, for the first time, men are facing real consequences for their predation. return result; (As it happened, the first Miss Black America was crowned at a separate pageant, down the street, that same night.). } As women organized the first protest against Miss America, they were responding not only to the pageant and its antiquated, misogynistic attitudes toward women and beauty, but also to how the United States, as a whole, treated women. If I want to enter a pageant, then thats my prerogative., Ford saw it as an opportunity, a chance to win money for college. It stated, "As the bras, girdles, falsies, curlers, and copies of popular women's magazines burned in the Freedom Trash Can, the demonstration reached the pinnacle of ridicule when the participants paraded a small lamb wearing a gold banner worded Miss America." I bet Ed McMahons been higher than that, Parks replied. if(isJotForm && "contentWindow" in iframe && "postMessage" in iframe.contentWindow) { Since its inception in 1921, only Caucasian contestants had been accepted as finalists, so the authors derided the contest as "Racism with Roses". ANS: University of Wisconsin nuclear engineering student Grace Stanke is crowned Miss America 2023, INSIDER: Miss Wisconsin has been crowned the winner of Miss America 2023, PEOPLE: Miss Wisconsin Grace Stanke Wins Miss America 2023. Miss Iowa, Susan Thompson. It included clips of Miss America in her swimsuit. Nor has there ever been a true Miss Americaan American Indian, they wrote. Ford refused. iframe.style.height = window.innerHeight + "px"; The audience roared. } The 1968 winner, Saundra Williams, reveled in her win. The article and the witness contradicted the feminists' statements, stating that lingerie was in fact burned at least briefly that day. And we were upgrading the road from QL 1 to LZ Pony, about a12 klicks. The authors criticized "The Woman as Pop Culture Obsolescent Theme", which they described as the promotion of women who are young, juicy, and malleable, but upon the selection of a new winner each year, are discarded. English: Title: [Judith Ford, Miss America 1969, who won at the 42nd Miss America Pageant held September 7, 1968 in Atlantic City, New Jersey] Creator(s): Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer Date Created/Published: [between 1968 and 1969] Medium: 1 photograph : color transparency ; 35mm (slide format) Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-gtfy-01000 (digital file from original) Rights Advisory: No known . Miss America 1968, the 41st Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 9, 1967 [1] on NBC Network . + 1).split("&")); The Atlantic City action, Kennedy continued, is comparable to peeing on an expensive rug at a polite cocktail party. The cultural definition of beauty has expanded since 1968, but women still are judged by their looks. var result = false; Minnesota Mary Louise Williams window.handleIFrameMessage = function(e) { A year later, we are in the midst of a further reckoning, as women come forward to share their stories of workplace sexual harassment and sexual violence. Miss America Pageant protest strengthened the women's rights movement, Redstockings activist and writer Kathie Sarachild talks about the 1968 Miss America Protest, Virginia Butler, Josmar Taveras, Jeff Zegas, Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, National Women's Hall of Fame honor unrecognized contributions. They called this "The Irrelevant Crown on the Throne of Mediocrity". Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 17 and 25. . California Sharon Kay Terrill } The organizers also issued a document offering ten reasons why they were protesting, with detailed explanationsa womanifesto, if you will. if (iframe.clientHeight > window.innerHeight) { There were only two left. But then one of the women stood up, so Sarachild did, too. else if (window.document.mozCancelFullscreen) window.document.mozCancelFullScreen(); Peggy Dobbins had been arrested downstairs for spraying Toni Home Permanent, a foul-smelling hair product made by a pageant sponsor, along the aisle. They were searching for a suitable way to draw attention to their movement. if (!isNaN(args[1]) && parseInt(iframe.style.minHeight) > parseInt(args[1])) { Womens beautywhite womens beautywas a tool. [45][46], The demonstration was largely responsible for bringing the women's liberation movement into the American national consciousness. }; if (ifr) { "Kansas Beauty is Miss America". The writers accused the competition of encouraging women to be inoffensive, bland, and apolitical, ignoring characteristics like personality, articulateness, intelligence, and commitment. Maintaining the feminist movement is like housework," she said. One woman performed a skit, holding her child and pots and pans, mopping the boardwalk to exemplify how a womans work is never done. Miss America Headquarters They criticized the "cheerleader" tour taken by the winner to visit troops in foreign countries as "Miss America as Military Death Mascot". iframe.scrollIntoView(); Each contestant would answer a question before the judges made their final decision. var urls = {"docurl":encodeURIComponent(document.URL),"referrer":encodeURIComponent(document.referrer)}; if (iframe.clientHeight > window.innerHeight) { if (window.location.href && window.location.href.indexOf("?") var result = false; break; The Miss America pageant has never been a progressive event, but in 1968, it sparked a feminist revolution. var urls = {"docurl":encodeURIComponent(document.URL),"referrer":encodeURIComponent(document.referrer)}; if (window.location.href && window.location.href.indexOf("?") My unit was the 299th CBT Engrs. else if (window.document.mozCancelFullScreen) window.document.mozCancelFullScreen(); break; You walk like an athlete, the modeling coach there told her. "Press release and open letter inviting women to attend the Miss America protest", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_America_1969&oldid=1131791921, Piano Medley, "Doctor Gradus Ad Parnassum", ", Dramatic Reading, "Little Word, Little White Bird" by, Vocal & Guitar, "Times They Are a-Changin'", Hawaiian Song, "Wonderful World of Aloha" & "Kaneha", Ballet Interpretation, "My Friend the Sea", Western Vocal & Guitar, "I Want to be a Cowboy's Sweetheart", Classical Vocal, "L'Air des clochettes" from, Monologue, "The Promise of One Person on This Planet", Modern Dance Interpretation to Self Recorded Reading of ", Comedy Routine, "The Adventures of Huck Finn", Semi-classical Vocal, "The Impossible Dream", This page was last edited on 5 January 2023, at 19:55. if( typeof hostname !== 'undefined' ) { She had the best of both worlds. document.body.appendChild(script); [4][failed verification] The group was organized in the fall of 1967 by former TV child star Robin Morgan, Carol Hanisch,[5] Shulamith Firestone,[6] and Pam Allen. src = src.substr(0, src.indexOf("?")) + 1).split("&")); Florida Linda Fitts case "collapseErrorPage": As a student at Maryland State College, she helped organize the Black Awareness Movement with her classmates and staged a sit-in at a local restaurant, which refused to serve African Americans.[50]. Ohio Leslyn Anita Hiple She knew people would be glued to their TVs in her hometown. The women traveled by helicopter, skirting the demilitarized zone. Tuscaloosa News. } '.concat(element) || hostname === element ) { Earlier in the week, contestants had been asked to complete questionnaires. The winner, Jacque Mercer, was the first Miss Arizona to take the crown, as . It was a perfect day, Sarachild thought, sunny but not too hot. BT. It really made our day, as you can imagine. Things are changing, though not fast enough, Fordsaid. Miss America Pegeant 1960. "Bra-burning" created an image that women were not really seeking freedom from sexism, but were attempting to assert themselves as sexual beings. if (window.document.exitFullscreen) window.document.exitFullscreen(); Wind her up and she plugs your product and last year she went to Vietnam to pep-talk our husbands, fathers, sons and boyfriends into dying and killing with a better spirit"[13], About 200 members of the group New York Radical Women traveled to Atlantic City in cars and chartered buses. Miss America 1969, the 42nd Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 7, 1968 [1] on NBC Network. At least 17protesters entered Convention Hall, dressed in skirts, wearing nylons and heels and carrying pocketbooks. }, var ifr = document.getElementById("JotFormIFrame-230165346423147"); 15th Engr. Free shipping for many products! iframe.style.minHeight = args[1] + "px"; New Mexico Karen Jan Maciolek And then she answered, In order to make people live together more peacefully, I think that a person has to learn that he is no better than his neighbor, and that all people are equal and should be given equal opportunity for all things. 2nd Plt. "Miss America Pageant is Picketed by 100 Women", New York Times 9 Sep. 1968: 54. Ford spent the year after winning Miss America making appearances across the country, traveling 20,000 milesa month for openings, races and community events. The Miss Black America protesters had no grievances with the idea of beauty standards, but with the fact that they strongly favored white women. Arkansas Helen Rose Gennings. Miss America - Judith Anne Ford (in white dress). [3] [4] Pageantry [ edit] The Miss America protest was a demonstration held at the Miss America 1969 contest on September 7, 1968, attended by about 200 feminists and civil rights advocates. She graduated in 1964 and joined Freedom Summer, acampaign to register black voters in Mississippi, as part of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Fifty years later, two women who had been on opposite sides of the protest, activist and writer Kathie Sarachild and Judith Ford, crowned Miss America 1969 that night, can look back on what happenedand still feelthe excitement and the fear, and they can see how it changed their lives. This page was last modified on 19 May 2015, at 16:16. When Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972, Miss North Carolina was a natural example of what women could achieve professionally. } The phrase became headline material and was quickly associated with women who chose to go braless. With my title, I can show black women that they too are beautiful. In 1971, Oprah Winfrey participated in Miss Black America as Miss Tennessee. There is a need to keep saying this over and over because for so long none of us believed it. The protesters, organized by the New York Radical Women, didn't only want to end the annual beauty contest. return result; It included clips of a Miss America parading in her swimsuit. 11199 Polo Club Drive That same year, the pageant chose to limit eligibility to single, never-married women between the ages of 18 and 28. Sarachild glanced nervously at Carol Hanisch, Lorraine Fletcher and a fourth woman whose name she did not know. Ford was appointed twice to the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, by Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. result = true; Women were ready for some in-your-face stuff.. It was almost as if they were turned on by it, she thought. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? if (typeof e.data === 'object') { return; } They were against the labeling, public worship and exploitation of the "most beautiful girl in America." } Judith Ann Ford wasnt a typical pageant girl. Men are judged by their actions, women by appearance. Ford saw the protesters signs: Women are enslaved by beauty standards and Can makeup cover the wounds of our oppression?. She later became a physical education teacher at an elementary school. She remarried and at40, she became a teacher. In 1969, Judith represented Illinois as a contestant in the Miss American Pageant. The Miss America protest was a demonstration held at the Miss America 1969 contest on September 7, 1968, attended by about 200 feminists and civil rights advocates. break; At 18, she wasnt prepared. Montana Karen Sue Frank Often, there were protesters. } Ford hadfilled hers out on the bus from the hotel to the convention hall. iframe.contentWindow.postMessage(JSON.stringify({"type":"urls","value":urls}), "*"); She loved that the womens liberation movement was getting so much attention. Photo: There was also some special delivery thatno one (at least not us lowly engineers) knew about. Results Order of announcements Awards Preliminary awards Other awards Contestants References ^ Associated Press (1967-09-10). Sarachild studied history, attending Radcliffe College at Harvard University, where she was the only woman on the editorial board of the Harvard Crimson, the daily student newspaper. if (src && src.indexOf("?") Make a bonfire of the cruel steels that have lorded it over your thorax and abdomens for so many years and heave a sigh of relief, for your emancipation I assure you, from this moment has begun. A story by Lindsy Van Gelder in the New York Post carried a headline "Bra Burners and Miss America". [8], In her letter requesting a permit, Morgan named the sponsor of the protest as "Women's Liberation", a "loose coalition of small groups and individuals". The event was reported under the headline "Bra Burners and Miss America," which conflated the idea of the protest with men who burned their draft cards. iframeParams.push("isIframeEmbed=1"); + 1).split('&')); if( hostname.slice((-1 * element.length - 1)) === '. iframeParams = iframeParams.concat(src.substr(src.indexOf("?") Texas Shirley Diane Hugghins Groups splintered off, and the women joined those. if (window.document.exitFullscreen) window.document.exitFullscreen(); [1] [2] Early life and education [ edit] Eldred is from West Bloomfield and graduated from University of Detroit Mercy. var iframeParams = []; They rejected the double standard that contestants were forced to be both sexy and wholesome, delicate but able to cope, demure yet titillatingly bitchy. The pageant represented the elevation of mediocrityAmerican women were encouraged to be unoffensive, bland, apoliticaland instilled this impoverished ambition in young girls. } "It got me thinking that protesting the pageant might be a good way to launch the movement into the public consciousness," Hanisch said. window.handleIFrameMessage = function(e) { 2nd Plt.

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