national geographic genographic project egypt

From its inception until 2015, the project was led by Spencer Wells, an explorer-in-residence at the National Geographic Society, before he left to found Austin, Texas-based Insitome. [8] Utilizing a DNA-collection kit, Helix acquires a saliva sample from a participant, which is then analyzed for genomic identifiers that offer unprecedented[2] insight into the person's genetic origins. Its based on the paths your ancient ancestors took to migrate around the world. THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC GENOGRAPHIC PROJECT ON THE EGYPTIAN GENETIC MAKE-UP PART III: THE EGYPTIAN RESULTS, THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC GENOGRAPHIC PROJECT ON THE EGYPTIAN GENETIC MAKE-UP PART IV: A CRITIQUE OF THE GPS FINDINGS ON EGYPT | DIOSCORUS BOLES ON COPTIC NATIONALISM. We take a number of commercially reasonable administrative, technical, personnel and physical steps to safeguard information in our possession from loss, theft and unauthorized use, disclosure or modification. The Irish, Scottish and English have different genetic makeup although they greatly share in the Great Britain and Ireland ancestry region genetic blend. Here is the origin. Genetic anthropology is concerned about determining biogeographical regions, or ancestry regions. The presidents press officials energetically sought to control how this story would depict Egypt. When the National Geographic Society launched the Genographic Project in 2005, they selected FamilyTreeDNA as the testing company for all public participation. About a tenth of the government workforce already resides in the New Administrative Capital; the president may move to the new presidential palace there at the end of next year. A posh beach resort to the west of Alexandria, New El Alamein, arose from the shore of the Mediterranean just four years ago. Molly McLaughlin and Molly K. McLaughlin, National Geographic Geno 2.0 (PCMag, 31 December 2018). But with a smile, Abdeen also reminded me: We are the builders, from ancient times, 5,000 years. Basic to the identity of Egypts 106 million people, as its new capital reminds us, is civilisation buildingnot just once but many times over. The project helped pioneer the now common. Implicit in this narrative of Egyptian history is the argument that relocating ones capital constitutes a momentous but also somewhat customary turn of events. Hundreds of houses on Warraq, a small island in the Nile, have been bulldozed to make way for hotels. Then by the aid of historical, archaeological and linguistic knowledge, they are able to suggest the timing and the triggering events that prompted our ancestors to move from one ancestry region to the other until we came to our current place, which will all leave a trace in our own genetic makeup as we inherit mutations from all the regions our ancestors had passed through in their long journey. The Genographic Project In April 2005, the National Geographic Society (NGS) announced its partnership with the IBM Corporation to launch the Genographic Project. Theyre built out into the alleys so that you can reach out your window and shake your neighbours hand. Some of these improvements may focus on how we analyze your Genographic Genetic Information. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Human Genome Project formally lasted from 1990 to 2003. 1944), p. 135. Returning to Cairo, I headed east to a satellite city, New Cairo, replete with shiny office towers and plush restaurants, most of which had sprung up since my previous visit from what had been the emptiness of the Eastern Desert. The Geno 2.0 Kit : This version of the kit was in a black box with the words GENO . National Geographic Society may disclose your Genographic Genetic Information and any email address you provided to participate in the Genographic program in response to legal process and when we believe that doing so is required by law, may be necessary to protect any persons property, rights, or safety, or to investigate a potential violation of law. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Meanwhile the Lebanese society is the most diverse among Arab countries, as 44 percent are of Arab origins, 14 percent are Jewish, 11 percent are from North African descent, 10 percent are from Asia Minor, five percent are South European and only two percent are East African. Egypts new 889 million museum is fit for a pharaoh. These help answer people's questions about ethnicity, race, and the overall . EVEN THE LORDS PRAYER IS MESSED UP WHEN THE COPTIC PARTICLE IS MISUNDERSTOOD! The apparition I beheldwhen I arrived in the new capital was more supersize construction zone than functioning city, requiring some exertion of the imagination. Each of these countries used the relocation as an opportunity to create a modern urban showcase for the world to admire. The Egyptians have unsurpassed experience when it comes to building monumental capitals, but this time around they have chosen to solicit assistance. Such risks, raised by Harry in an interview released in December 2005,[17] were used to advocate against the indigenous participation in the project. [18] Another negative consequence expressed by TallBear is the risk that an individual's cultural identity can be conclusively established through biocolonialist projects such as the Genographic Project. As to why Egypt has elected to do so, the Capitals Museum offers a clue. We're finally learning their stories. Its impressive but pint-size in comparison with the soon-to-be-constructed Oblisco Capitale. In the fall of 2015, a new chip was designed as a joint effort between Vilar, Genographic Lead Scientist, and Family Tree DNA. A guide to Exploring Your Journey (Genographic Project). Then by taking the average of all these for a particular country or ethnic group, the scientists come with the genetic makeup of that country or ethnic group this then becomes the reference population. IN THE NEXT PART, PART IV, I SHALL PRESENT A CRITIQUE ABOUT THE GPS FINDINGS ON EGYPT, YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO READ PART I AND PART II OF THIS SERIES. The GP explains the presence of the genetic components from the above six ancestral regions in the modern Egyptian populations in the following way: As ancient populations first migrated from Africa, they passed first through northeast Africa to southwest Asia. The Genographic project focuses on deep ancestry from an anthropological perspective. According to GP, the Egyptians have the following genetic blend of the following ancestry regions: The GP says that this component is found at highest frequencies in southern Europe and the Levant people of Sardinia, Italy, Greece, Lebanon, Egypt and Tunisia in the GP reference populations. The ISOGG supports citizen participation in genetic research,[12] and believes such volunteers have provided valuable information and research to the professional scientific community.[13]. In addition, to help researchers better understand the meaning of the human genetic instruction book, the project took on a wide range of other goals, from . Such outreach for public participation in research has been encouraged by organizations such as International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), which is seeking to promote benefits from scientific research. The study included 926 Lebanese men, and these were types with Y chromosome genetic markers. And it will be a resolutely crime-free onewith a government protected from protests like those in 2011 that toppled Hosni Mubaraks regimecourtesy of a citywide surveillance system designed by the U.S. firm Honeywell. A huge number of Cairenes will have their lives upended. National Geographic provided a DNA testing service called The Genographic Project. All rights reserved. An example of a "Reference Population" breakdown within the National Geographic Genographic 2.0 Project. This is an emerging branch of science that combines DNA testing with archaeological, historical and linguistic evidence to reveal the history of ancient human migration, and to answer the questions, Where did we come from, and how did we get here?[1] What we are about here in our Egyptian context is to find out where did the modern Egyptians, thats the individuals described as indigenous Egyptians or native Egyptians come from, and how they get into Egypt of today. Grand Egyptian Museum opens its doors for visits before official opening, Over 72% of Egyptians shopped online more since coronavirus outbreak: Report, UAE denies banning entry of Egyptians over coronavirus, China holds 2 Egyptians possibly suspected of coronavirus, Robert De Niro may make guest appearance in Ahmed al-Awadys coming movie, In a first, Egypt announces discovery of a statue of Buddha, GERD turbines not working for 2nd month in a row: expert. The elevated guideways for the monorail lurched over the dusty streets like concrete skeletons. Some of these improvements may focus on how easy it is to use the Genographic website. In 2012, the Genographic Project launched Geno 2.0 upgraded to a higher-density array before opting to sell the service on the Helix marketplace at the end of . The DNA Analysis Repository is a central database that manages DNA data from around the world for the Genographic Project. The Genographic Project, launched on 13 April 2005 by the National Geographic Society and IBM, was a genetic anthropological study (sales discontinued on 31 May 2019) that aimed to map historical human migrations patterns by collecting and analyzing DNA samples. The Tunisian population had the lowest percentage from Arab descent, as only 4 percent are Arabs, while 88 percent are North African, five percent are from Western Europe, and two percent from West and Central Africa. Self-Reported Information is other details about you that you choose to supply to National Geographic. [9][10][11] This includes supporting, organization and dissemination of personal DNA (genetic) testing. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Using data from National Geographic's Genographic Project, it showed that sampled Egyptians, for example, were only 17% "Arabian" on average, while Kuwaitis were 84% Arabian, Lebanese 44%, Iranians 56%, and Tunisians 4%. The term Indigenous or native Egyptians in this context must not be taken to mean the indigenous or native Egyptians who have their linear descent from Ancient Egypt: it simply means the citizens of Egypt of today. Were using all kinds of foreign expertise, without any shame, Abdeen said. [2] The data is then uploaded to the Genographic Project DNA database.[2]. GP Geno 2.0 Next Generation describes this Northern Africa ancestry region as the regions north of Africas Sahara Desert that make up the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. If you agree to contribute your results to this scientific research effort, National Geographic may ask you to provide Self-Reported Information in the My Profile section of the Genographic website. [1] The final phase of the project was Geno 2.0 Next Generation. National Geographic and IBM's Genographic Project scientific consortium have developed a . HAPPY NATIVITY TO ALL FRIENDS, FOLLOWERS & READERS OF THIS BLOG! Egypts population is growing by two million every year. Genographic Project customers were able to transfer their results to the FTDNA database and benefit from the many surname, geographical and haplogroup projects. All rights reserved. It obviously recognised that the Indian subcontinent is a huge area with many ethno-religio-linguistic groups; however, the four reference groups it set up were inadequate as each of these groups is further divided into more ethnicities with different histories. The centuries-old square, one of the citys best known, is surrounded by cultural landmarks and historic buildings. National Geographic Partners, LLC is a joint venture of the National Geographic Society and 21st Century Fox. In Lebanon, the religious line between Christians and Muslims is also largely genetics: the Maronites are different in their genetic makeup from the Muslims. For thousands of years this region saw the rise and fall of cultures and empires, including the Carthaginians, the Romans, and eventually the spread of Islam originating further east. [19], Not all Indigenous peoples agree with his position; as of December2012[update], more than 70,000 indigenous participants from the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania had joined the project. Complaints by indigenous leaders and local officials have blocked a plan by geneticists with the National Geographic Society to collect DNA from the remote Q'eros tribe in Peru as part of the Genographic Project, which seeks molecular clues to humankind's migrations over the globe. [3] Field researchers at eleven regional centers around the world began by collecting DNA samples from indigenous populations. In Geno 2.0 its breakdown into regional ancestry proportions is as follows: It does not need a genius to know that this is not representative of all the British or the UK since the UK is composed of many different ethnicities and nations, and although there is a certain commonality between them through inbreeding they stiff significantly differ in their genetic makeup. SPENCER WELLS, PH.D. A National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence, Dr. Spencer Wells is a leading population geneticist and the director of the Genographic Project, on which National Geographic Channel's The Human Family Tree is based. The New Administrative Capital will be linked to Cairo by a 35-mile monorail, expected to open in 2023. [2] Upon retirement of the site, 1,006,542 participants in over 140 countries had joined the project. When you return your saliva sample to Helix, Helix will sequence your DNA as described in the Helix Platform Consent and Helix Terms of Service. Despite having lived in the neighbourhood all their lives, the sisters viewed its imminent destruction as a blessing. FAQ: About the Project (Genographic Project). It has to be done, Fattem said. This Neolithic Revolution first appeared in the geographical area called the Fertile Crescent a term first coined in 1918 by the American archaeologist and Egyptologist, James Henry Breasted (1865 1935), in his Ancient Times, A History of the Early World. Geno 2.0 categorises the Indian subcontinent into four reference populations: Northern Indian, Southern Indian, Western Indian, and Eastern Indian. The Egyptian population presented by genetic origin. All rights reserved, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The aim was to chart new knowledge about the migratory history of the human species by using sophisticated laboratory and computer analysis of DNA contributed by hundreds of thousands of people from around the world. As compared to earlier phases which used nine regional affiliations, Geno 2.0 Next Generation analyzes modern-day indigenous populations around the world using either 18 or 22 regional affiliations. . For example, the New York-based writer Molly McLaughlin had the following proportions of DNA blends that are particular to three ancestry regions in her own DNA makeup: 44% Northern European, 35% Mediterranean, and 19% Southwest Asian (Geno 2.0 result). Particularly, the great concern about the possible political interest behind the Genographic Project, motivated the IPCB to preemptively alert the global indigenous community on the not so altruistic motivations[16] of the project. The latter involved the high probability of genetic testing results producing errors such as false negatives and positives that lead to the misidentification of Native people as non-Native and vice versa. Traffic and shoppers throng Port Said Street in a historic area of central Cairo. Another half hour farther east, along a not yet fully paved highway, the New Administrative Capital sprawled before me. It's anthropologically fascinating, but look elsewhere for more personal . The study, in the words of Pierre Zalloua, has put some science to the history of Lebanon.[4]. The 77-story ebony Iconic Tower was without tenants or, for that matter, appliances and finished walls. The Genographic Project was conceived and directed by American population geneticist Spencer Wells and was overseen by the National Geographic Society and by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), which, along with the Waitt Family Foundation, provided funding for the research. They have divided the previous Mediterranean ancestry region of Geno 2.0 into North Africa and Southern Europe (the northern Mediterranean coast). Egypt was a vast kingdom of the ancient world. Slums are all behind this building, Magda said. Its Geno 2.0 results are as follows: But Eastern India includes part of India, Nepal and Bangladesh; and there is overflow of the different nationalities between the three countries. Found the official FTDNA explanation. Everything I could want is here.. To use the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product, you must give consent to Helix for Helix to share the portion of your Genetic Information needed by National Geographic to provide you with your Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product deep ancestry insights results. As of 2020, the Nat Geo test is . UNPFII conducted investigations into the objectives of the Genographic Project, and recommended that National Geographic and other sponsors suspend the project. Before they watch the video, have student volunteers to share any information they already know about ancient . National Geographic and IBM's Genographic Project scientific consortium have developed a new analytical method that traces the relationship between genetic sequences from patterns of. OTHER REFERENCE POPULATIONS RESULTS TO HELP IN UNDERSTANDING THE EGYPTIAN REFERENCE POPULATION: In the previous part (Part II), we have seen that the GP passed through three phases, Geno 1.0 did not give any reference population; Geno 2.0 gave ancestry regions and reference populations; and Geno 2.0 gave more sophisticated and expanded number of both. The Genographic Project is a landmark project to reconstruct the history of human migration by analyzing DNA samples from hundreds of thousands of people living today. The Taoiseach was among a small group of famous Mayo people the National Geographic Genographic Project tested recently, ahead of a more comprehensive swabbing of Mayo people, carried out . They exist in the Egyptians genetic pool in the proportions stated above, namely 65%, 18% and 14%, respectively. But reference populations have another purpose: they tell us of the particular genetic makeup of the specific countries or ethnic groups; and in this sense it is relevant not only to those who have had their DNA analysed but also to all who want to find about their countrys or ethnic groups genetic blend. Additionally, IPCB argues that the Genographic project not only provides no direct benefit to Indigenous peoples but instead raises considerable risks. The study presented graphs that show the global genetic makeup of nationals in each country. In this Oz-like urban miracle, one rather idiosyncratic building, already finished, stands out: Egypts Capitals Museum. You must also register on the Genographic website at www.genographic.com. Besides this grand edifice, the city will have complexes for parliament, government ministries, and diplomats. This morning the New York Times reported that the National Geographic Society has launched the Genographic Project . If you purchased your kit from National Geographic's online store, contact customer service at [email protected]. They obviously found that these two ancestry regions are different genetically (the Southern European includes people of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Greek descent; while North Africa includes people of Moroccan, Tunisian, Algerian, Libyan, ant Egyptian descent). In the lobby of the Drama Hall, large images of pharaohs playing senet, a precursor to chess, and enjoying musical performances remind visitors that familiar aspects of contemporary culture took root here. If you have any questions concerning the Geno 2.0 Next Gen Helix Product, your rights or the procedures involved, please visit www.genographic.com.You may contact a customer service representative at: Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Dec. 10, 2006. Cairos character was both welcoming and confounding, a spirited tempest of humanity, an irreplaceable feat of architecture. PAXAMATIA The STABLE FOOD ITEM AND MAIN CALORIE PROVIDER OF THE FATHERS OF THE DESERTS, WHEN POPE SHENOUTI I TOOK THE CRUSIER IN HIS HAND AND WENT TO FACE THE MARAUDING ARABS, AN EXCELLENT NEW EDITION OF COPTIC-ARABIC NEW TESTAMENT PUBLISHED IN EGYPT BY THE BIBLE SOCIETY OF EGYPT, Follow DIOSCORUS BOLES ON COPTIC NATIONALISM on WordPress.com. Workers in the new capital are constructing enormous outdoor plazas and parks in the Eastern Desert, this one in front of the presidential palace. In a drive to modernize, Egypt plans to move millions of people to new desert cities, including a seat of government east of Cairo. Along with AncestryDNA and the Editors' Choice award-winning 23andMe, National Geographic's Genographic Project collects and analyzes DNA from participants to provide ancestral information. National Geographic Society will keep your Genographic Genetic Information until you ask us to destroy it. Anyway, these being separated, GP Geno 2.0 Next Generation says that 17% of the modern Egyptians genetic pool is made of Arabian genetic blend. National Geographics treatment of Non-Genetic Personal Information is governed by the privacy policy posted on the National Geographic website or app on which the information is collected, and not this privacy policy, which applies only to the Genographic Genetic Information as that term is used herein and any email address you provided to participate in the Genographic program. This component was probably introduced into Egypt by the Persians, Turks and the Mamelukes (mostly from Turkey and the Caucasus) who ruled Egypt either before Islam or after it, but more after it. Required fields are marked *. The world of ancient Egypt is different from students' contemporary lives in many respects. (Egypts new museum is fit for a pharaoh). Still lacking a permanent name, with only a fraction of its projected population of six million living there, the city being built nonetheless lies at the heart of Egypts ambitious modernisation plans. 26 September 2014, 04:08 PM. Construction and expansion all over the country is essential.. [6], In 2016, the project began utilizing cutting-edge[2] Helix DNA sequencing for Geno 2.0 Next Generation,[2][7] the current phase of the Genographic Project. From 2005 to 2019 Genographic engaged volunteers (in fieldwork and providing DNA samples) and citizen science projects. The shells of handsome residential communities with international-sounding names such as El Patio Oro, La Verde, and Celia stood vacant in rows. We are now in a position to review the reference group called Egyptian based as stated by GP on native Egyptians. By Carl Zimmer. This is shown beyond doubt by Pierre A. Zalloua et al in a large study published in The American Journal of Human Genetics in 2008, Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events. Four decades later, to relieve congested Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia moved its administrative and judicial offices two dozen miles south, to Putrajaya. The Genographic Project, launched on 13 April 2005 by the National Geographic Society and IBM, was a genetic anthropological study (sales discontinued on 31 May 2019) that aimed to map historical human migrations patterns by collecting and analyzing DNA samples. In 2019, the president of Indonesia declared his intention to create a new capital on Borneo to relieve the population pressures in Jakarta, which is slowly sinking because its wells pump out too much groundwater. Please note that requesting National Geographic Society to destroy your Genographic Genetic Information affects only the information we hold. And it is this which has become a hotbed of energetic debate. Visiting Cairo and the beach resorts from here will seem effortless, thanks to a new high-speed rail system. According to the National Geographic Genographic Project, another of the surprising facts about Egypt's population is that modern Egyptians are only 17% Arab according to their DNA, with the rest of modern Egyptians' genetic makeup being 68% north African, 4% Jewish, 3% east African, 3% from Asia Minor and another 3% south European. Indeed, Egypt hardly stands alone in having done so recently. [2] As the graph below shows, only 17 percent of Egyptians are Arabs, while 68 percent of the indigenous population is from North Africa, four percent are from Jewish ancestry, three percent are of East African origins, another three percent from Asia Minor and three percent are South European. This research paper develops the process of cultural identity formation in Egypt through the last sixty years since the transformation of the monarchic regime to a Republican one, passing by. 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